Human Anatomy

Introduction to Anatomy, terms and terminology , regions of body , cavities and systems .Surface anatomy

,muscul-oskeletal ,vascular ,cardiopulmonary system, nervous system, general embryology , applied anatomy

Musculoskeletal system, Connective tissues and its modifications , membranes ,tendons, special connective  tissues .

Muscle classification , structure and functional aspect

Joints-structure of joints, classification, movements, range , stability, nerve supply ,blood supply , dislocation and applied anatomy.

Bones-structure, growth, blood supply, ossification and classification.

1. Pectoral region:

 Outline the features of the pectoral region. Name, identify and correctly orientate the sternum , clavicle,

scapula and humerus. Outline the main features of the bones of shoulder girdle. Identify the parts, borders and surfaces of sternum mention its other features. Identify the ends, surfaces, curvatures and other features of clavicle.Identify the borders, angles, surface, processe, fossa and other features of scapula. Identify the ends, head, greater and lesser tuberosities and anatomical and surgical necks of humerus: also the capitellum, trochlea and radial, coronoid and olecranon fossa and epicondyles. Locate and identify the muscles of pectoral region and mention their origin, insertion, nerve supply and action.

2. Scapular region:

 Comprehend the main features of the muscles in the scapula region. State the layer, arrangement, of the muscles of the back.  Name and identify the muscles of the scapular region. Mention their origin, insertion nerve supply and action. Demonstrate the bony land mark of scapula, humerus and clavicle.

3. Axilla

Mention, identify the boundaries and contents of axilla. Name the branches of axillary artery. Name and

identify the cords and branches of brachial plexus and mention their root value.  Illustrate the formation of brachial plexus.

3.  Shoulder girdle:

Comprehend and apply the function, the main features of joints of the shoulder griddle. Name the joints of shoulder girdle. Identify the articular surfaces and name ligaments and movements of sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints. Mention the type of the joints.  Demonstrate and name the movement of scapula. Mention the chief muscles producing these movements.

5. Shoulder joint:

Mention the type, articular surface and ligaments of the shoulder joint. Define and demonstrate the movements of shoulder joint. Name and identify the chief muscles producing these movements. Mention the blood supply and nerve supply of this joint.  Mention the limiting factors and factors for its stability indicate applied anatomy.

6. Upper arm:

Name and identify the muscles at the front and back of upper arm.. Name and identify the ends, borders, surfaces and features of the humerus. Identify the head anatomical neck, tuberosities, surgical neck, bicipital groove, condyle, capitulum, trochlea, epicondyles, radial, coronoid and olecranon fossa. Mention the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of muscles of the front and back of upper arm. Indicate the course, relation and distribution of radial and musculo- cutaneous nerves.

7. Elbow joint:

 Mention the type, articular surface and ligaments of elbow joint. Define and demonstrate the movement possible and name the chief muscles producing this movement. Mention the applied anatomy. Explain the carrying angle

8. Cubital Fossa :

Features, bounderies, roof, floor, contents and clinical anatomy

9. Forearm, wrist and hand:

 Mention the bones of forearm, identify the ends, borders, surfaces and features of radius and ulna. Identify the head, neck, tuberosity and styloid process of radius. Identify the coronoid process, olecranon process, trochlear notch, tuberosity, head and styloid process of ulna. Also about the radial notch of ulna and ulnar notch of radius. Name and identify the carpal bones, metacarpal bones and phalanges in an articulated hand.  Identify the muscles of front and back of the forearm. Mention the position, insertion, nerve supply and action of these muscles. Indicate the course, relations and distribution of median, ulnar and radial nerves. Mention the type, articular surface and ligaments of radio ulnar joints. Define the movement of supination and pronation. Mention the axis and muscles producing these movements. Analyze these movements and apply its functional role in routine day to day actions.  Mention the position and distribution of ulnar and radial arteries and lunar, median and radial nerves.. Name and locate the carpal bones. Mention the type, articular surface and ligaments of wrist joint. Define and demonstrate the movements and mention the muscles producing them. Mention the blood supply and nerve supply. Mention the visible tendons around the wrist and their synovial sheaths. Predict the result of paralysis of muscles of the forearm. Indicate the arrangement of tendons of the digits, retinacula, fibrous flexor sheaths, and synovial sheaths. Evaluate the hinge type of interphalangeal joints, ellipsoid type of metacarpophalangeal joints and saddle type of carpometacarpal joint. Name and identify the small muscles of the hand. Mention their position, origin, insertion, nerve supply and action.

10. Nerves of upper limb.

 Comprehend and apply the knowledge of the position and distribution of blood vessels and lymph

Nodes Mention the root value of the nerves. Identify the nerves and mentions the position, course, relations and distribution of nerves of upper limb. Predict the result of injury to these nerves.

 11. Blood vessels of upper limb:

 Comprehend and apply the knowledge of the position and distribution of blood vessels and lymph

nodes. Trace the main arteries and veins.. Indicate their position' and name the main branches of tributaries. Name and locate the lymph nodes. Cutaneous nerves of upper limb: Name the cutaneous nerves and illustrate the areas of their distribution. llIustrate the dermatome and myotomes.

1. Outline :

Name, identification and orientation of hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula and patella. Identify the component and features of hip bones identify the ends, borders, surfaces, head, neck, trochanters, condyles and epicondyles of femur and the features of the tibia and fibula. Identify and mention the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the muscles in the front of thigh. Mention the boundaries and contents of femoral triangle. Indicate the position, course and distribution of femoral nerve. Indicate the course and main branches of femoral artery and mention the blood supply of neck of femur. Indicate the position of femoral vein.

2. Medial side of thigh:

 Name and identify the muscles of the medial side of thigh. Mention their origin, insertion, nerve supply and action. Indicate the course, relations and distribution of obturator nerve.

3. Back of thigh:

Identify and mention the position, origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the hamstring muscles. Indicate the position, course, relation and distribution of sciatic nerve.

4. Gluteal region:

Identify and mention the position, origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the muscles. Name and mention the position and course of the nerves found there and name the arteries there.

5. Hip joint:

Mention the type, articular surface and ligaments. Define the movements and name the chief muscles producing the movements. Mention the blood supply, nerve supply, factor for stability and limiting factors. Applied anatomy.

6. Knee joint:

 Mention the type, articular, surfaces and ligaments. Define the movements and name the chief muscles for the movements. Analyze the movements. Know the blood supply and nerve supply. Indicate applied anatomy. Define locking and unlocking of the joint.

7. Popliteal fossa:

Indicate the boundaries and contents. Mention the position and branches of tibial and common peroneal nerves.

8. Front of leg and dorsum of foot:

 Name and identify the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones and phalanges in an articulated foot. Name and identify the muscles. Mention the positions, origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the muscles. Position and distribution of deep peroneal nerve.Indicate the position and attachment of extensor retinacula.Mention and identify the feature of the tibia and fibula.

9. Lateral side of leg

Name and identify the muscles. Mention the position, origin, insertion, never supply and action of muscles. State the position, course and distribution of superficial peroneal nerve.

d. State the position and attachment of peroneal retinacula.

10. Back of leg and sole of foot.

 Name and identify the features of the bones of the foot. Name and identify the muscles of back of leg. Mention the position, arrangement, origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the muscles. State the position course and distribution of tibial artery. State the position course and distribution of posterior tibial artery. Mention the position, and attachment of flexor retinaculum. Mention the arrangement, origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of muscles of the foot Indicate the type of formation and factors for the maintenance of the arch of foot. Mention the type, articular surface, ligaments, movements chief muscles for the movement. Axis of movements and applied anatomy of tibiofibular joints, ankle joints, subtalarjoints, M.P. joints, I.P.Palpate and identify the tendons around the ankle and dorsum of foot.

11 Nerves:

 Indicate the position, formation and branches of lumbar and sacral plexuses. Mention the root value of the nerves. Mention the position, course, relation and distribution of nerves. Predict the result of injury to the nerves.  Illustrate cutaneous innervation of dermatomes.

12. Blood vessels:

 Indicate the position of arteries and their main branches. Indicate the position of veins and their main tributaries.Indicate the position of lymph nodes.

 Ribs, lungs anatomy thoracic cage and Mediastinum, oesophagus and trachea, tracheobronchial tree, Heart with its internal and external features Bloods vessels, typical spinal Nerve, Typical Intercostals space, Mechanism of Respiration, Surface marking of Heart and Lungs.

Abdominal wall, Inguinal canal, diaphragm  stomach, Liver, pancreas, gall bladder, rectum  kidney with ureter, urinary bladder and spleen, small Intestine, Large Intestine, Abdominal Aorta, Portal vein, Sacral plexus, Sacroiliac joint, Intervetebral disc, lumber vertebrae,     Superior mediastinal structures, Sternum, Ribs (only general features), Vertebrae (identification, general features, functional components, Development, vertebral column with weight transmission), Heart, pleura & lungs and applied anatomy.

State the basic osteology of vertebral column. Identify the parts of typical vertebra, identify and state the main features of typical vertebra of each group of vertebra Identify a typical vertebrae.State the form, structure and movements of joints of vertebrae column. Mention the movements and the muscles producing them.Identify the inter vertebral disc and mention its parts. State the formation and ligaments of the inter vertebral joints. Name and identify the curvatures of the vertebral column and indicate deformities. State the contents of vertebral canal.