Advanced Exercise Physiology

High energy phosphates, Anaerobic and aerobic ATP synthesis, Bioenergetics Control, exercise intensity & substrate utilization, protecting CHO stores, muscle adaptation to endurance training, processes that potentially limit the rate of fat oxidation, regulation of substrate utilization, training - induced increase in FFA oxidization, Basal metabolic and resting metabolic rates and factors affecting them, Classification of Physical Activities by energy expenditure,. Concept of MET, measurement of energy cost of exercise

metabolism of Carbohydrate, fats and proteins, vitamin, mineral and wateroptimum nutrition for exercise, nutrition for physical performance, pre game mealcarbohydrate loading, food for various athletic events, fluid and energy replacement in prolonged exercise

(i)Respiratory responses to exercise: Ventilation at Rest and during Exercise., Ventilation and the Anaerobic Threshold, static and dynamic lung volume . Gas diffusion, Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport second wind, stich by side control of pulmonary ventilation during exercise adaptive changes in the respiratory systems due to regular physical activities .
ii) Cardiovascular responses to exercise- Cardiovascular system and exercise, acute vascular effects of exercise, Circulatory responses to various types of exercise regulation of cardiovascular system during exercise, Pattern of redistribution of blood flow during exercise, adaptive responses of cardiovascular system to aerobic and anaerobic training. Athlete heart

Acid and Bases, Buffers, pH, Respiratory Regulation of pH, Alkali Reserve, The kidneys and Acid base balance, Alkalosis and Acidosis, Acid base balance following heavy exercises

Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid and Parathroid Hormones. Anti diuretic Hormone (ADH) and Aldosterone, Insulin and Glucagons, The catecholamine; epinephrine and nor epinephrine. The sex hormones. The glucocorticoids (Cortisol) and AdrenoCorticotrophic Hormones (ACTH). Prostaglandins and Endorphins.