Muscle & its contraction- Architecture of skeletal muscles, sliding filament theory, types of muscle fibers, mechanical efficiency of muscle contraction, force-velocity, motor unit, muscle fatigue- blood supply, prolonged exercise. Blood & Circulation Cardiac cycle – pressure during cardiac cycle, Homodynamics mechanical work and pressure hydrostatic pressure, flow and resistance, venous – capillary structure and transport mechanisms, filtration & osmosis, visualization of skeletal muscles, regulation circulation during exercise , cardiac output & O2 updates- stroke volume, blood pressure. Respiration Lung compliance air way resistance, pulmonary ventilation rest and ruing exercise, diffusion in lung tissues, gas pressure- ventilation & perfusion- Regulation of berating – Exercise, high air pressure- Breath holding diving. Physical Performance Aerobic process intensity & duration of exercise , prolonged exercise , muscularstress involved in Exercise Anaerobic Process: Power & Capacity of high energy breakdown. Lactate: Production- Distribution & Disappearance, effect of metabolism on tissue & blood,PH, Anaerobic, oxygen uptake in various sports. Evaluation of anaerobic power exercise electrocardiogram. Physical Training Training Principles, continuous vs. Intermittent exercise training methods & biological longterm effects of training. Disuse, isometric strength training, dynamic strength training. Training of aerobic training, Endurance training , retaining, recovery after exercise, Mechanical efficiency technique, body composition, stretching, psychological aspects muscular soreness, ischemic heart diseases, contra indication to physical training. Applied work Physiology Factors affecting sustained Physical work, assessment of work load relation to work capacity, Assessment of maximal aerobic power measurement of oxygen uptake in a typical work situation, Assessment of load exerted on specific muscles, classification of work, Daily rates of energy expenditure, energy expenditure during specific activities like sleeping, sedentary, work house work, light industry, manual labour. Fatigue General Physical fatigue, local muscular fatigue, cardiac rhythm in humans, shift work, effect of menstruation. Nutrition & Physical Performance Nutrition in general digestion, energy metabolism & factors governing the selection of fuel for muscular exercises, food for the athlete, energy balance, regulation of food intake, idealweight obesity, slimming diets, optional supply of Nutrients. Factors Affecting Performance High altitude- limited factors, oxygen transport, adaptation of high altitude, high gaspressure, pressure effects, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide metabolism in sports , tobaccosmokingcirculatory effects, reparatory effects, metabolic effects, smoking habits among athletes, alcohol & exercise –Neuromuscular function, aerobic & anaerobic alcohol power, metabolic effects, caffeine, Doping and “THE WILL TO WIN”